Spring brake actuator with a caging bolt bearing joining a pressure plate and actuator tube

ABSTRACT

A pneumatic brake actuator has a housing and a divider that divides the housing into a spring chamber containing a spring and a pressure chamber. The divider has an opening that receives an end of an actuator tube. A bearing that is positioned within the opening in the divider is joined to both the divider and the actuator tube. A caging bolt has a first end positioned within the actuator tube and extends from the first end through openings in the hearing and housing to a second end positioned outside of the housing. The connection between the bearing, divider and actuator tube contains the spring within the housing in the event that the housing and/or divider fails. The divider can be a piston or a diaphragm and pressure plate. The bearing can be joined to either of the divider and actuator tube with threads and/or by welding.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not Applicable.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is directed generally to spring brake actuators,and more specifically to a spring brake actuator with a caging bolthearing.

2. Description of Related Art

A pneumatic brake system for a large, heavy-duty vehicle such as a bus,truck, semi-tractor, or trailer typically includes a brake shoe and drumassembly which is actuated by an actuator that is operated by theselective application of compressed air. Conventional pneumatic springbrake actuators have both a service brake actuator for actuating thebrakes under normal driving conditions by the application of compressedair and a spring-type emergency brake actuator which actuates the brakeswhen air pressure has been released from a pressure chamber. Theemergency brake actuator, or spring brake, includes a strong compressionspring which applies the brake when air is released.

There are two main types of pneumatic brake actuators, piston typeactuators and diaphragm type actuators. In the diaphragm type brakeactuator, two pneumatic diaphragm brake actuators are typically arrangedin a tandem configuration, which includes a pneumatic service brakeactuator for applying the normal operating brakes of the vehicle, and aspring brake actuator for applying the parking or emergency brakes ofthe vehicle. Both the service brake actuator and the spring brakeactuator include a housing having an elastomeric diaphragm dividing theinterior of the housing into two distinct fluid chambers. The pistontype brake actuator is substantially similar to the diaphragm type,except that instead of a diaphragm, a piston reciprocates in a cylinderfor applying the normal and/or parking brakes of the vehicle.

In a typical service brake actuator, the service brake housing isdivided into a pressure chamber and a pushrod chamber. The pressurechamber is fluidly connected to a source of pressurized air and thepushrod chamber mounts a pushrod that is coupled to the brake assembly.The introduction and exhaustion of pressurized air in to and out of thepressurized chamber reciprocates the pushrod in to and out of thehousing to apply and release the operating brakes.

In a typical spring brake actuator, the spring brake section is dividedinto a pressure chamber and a spring chamber by a diaphragm. A pressureplate is positioned in the spring chamber between the diaphragm and astrong compression spring, whose opposing end abuts the housing of thesection. In one well-known configuration, an actuator tube extendsthrough the pressure plate, through the diaphragm, into the pressurechamber, and through a dividing wall separating the spring brakeactuator from the service brake actuator. The end of the actuator tubeis fluidly connected to the pressure chamber of the service brakeactuator.

When applying the parking brakes, the spring brake actuator pressure isdischarged from the pressure chamber and the large force compressionspring pushes the pressure plate and the diaphragm toward the dividingwall between the spring brake actuator and the service brake actuator.In this position, the actuator tube connected to the pressure plate ispushed for applying the parking or emergency brakes and thusimmobilizing the vehicle. To release the parking brake, pressurized airis introduced into the pressure chamber of the spring brake actuator toexpand the pressure chamber, move the diaphragm and pressure platetoward the opposing end of the spring brake actuator housing, andcompress the compression spring.

A caging bolt or tool is used to cage the strong compression springwhen, for example, the brake must be manually released. It is known topermanently install a caging bolt in a brake actuator. In one suchactuator, a threaded bolt extends through a threaded opening in theactuator housing and into a hollow interior of the spring brake actuatortube, which is affixed to the pressure plate. As the emergency brake orparking brake is applied, the pressure plate and actuator tubereciprocate relative to the bolt. This reciprocation over time causesthe threads of the bolt to wear. To prevent damage to the caging boltthreads, a bearing is typically positioned within the pressure platearound the caging bolt. The bearing allows the pressure plate andactuator tube to reciprocate relatively smoothly with respect to thecaging bolt. Conventionally, the bearing is positioned within an openingin the pressure plate and retained there by the actuator tube which ispress fit into the pressure plate opening. The bearing may also bebonded to the pressure plate.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed toward a pneumatic brake actuatorhaving a housing and a divider that divides the housing into a springchamber and a pressure chamber. A spring is positioned in the springchamber. The divider presents an opening surrounded by an interiorsurface, and an end of an actuator tube is positioned within theopening. A bearing is also positioned within the opening in the divider.The bearing is joined to both the divider and the actuator tube. Acaging bolt has a first end that is positioned within the actuator tube.The caging bolt extends from its first end through openings in thebearing and housing to a second end that is positioned outside of thehousing. The construction of the actuator is advantageous because in theevent that the housing side wall or divider fails, the spring iscontained within the housing due to the bearing being joined to both thedivider and the actuator tube.

In one embodiment, the brake actuator is a piston spring brake actuator,in which case the divider is a piston that sealingly engages the sidewall of the housing. In another embodiment, the actuator is a diaphragmspring brake actuator, in which case the divider includes a diaphragmwith a peripheral edge that engages the side wall of the housing and apressure plate that is positioned between the diaphragm and the spring.

Preferably, the bearing has an outer surface and an inner surface thatsurrounds the opening in the bearing. The actuator tube side wallpreferably also has inner and outer surfaces. Preferably, the outersurface of the bearing is joined to the interior surface of the dividerand the inner surface of the actuator tube. In one embodiment, the outersurface of the bearing has threads that engage threads on both theinterior surface of the divider and the inner surface of the actuatortube. Alternatively, the outer surface of the bearing may have threadsthat engage threads on the interior surface of the divider, and theouter surface of the bearing is welded to the inner surface of theactuator tube. In another embodiment, the outer surface of the bearingmay be welded to the interior surface of the divider and the innersurface of the actuator tube.

Additional aspects of the invention, together with the advantages andnovel features appurtenant thereto, will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows, and in part will become apparent to thoseskilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learnedfrom the practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of theinvention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalitiesand combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatic brake actuator havingspring and service brake actuators where a caging bolt is shownretracting a spring of the spring brake actuator;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the brake actuator of FIG. 1 showingthe caging bolt in an extended position;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the brake actuator of FIG. 1 showingthe service brake actuator applied;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the brake actuator of FIG. 1 showingthe spring brake actuator applied;

FIG. 5 is a detail view of a caging bolt bearing of the brake actuatorof FIG. 1; and

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of brakeactuator in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIGS. 1-4 show a tandem-type pneumatic brake actuator 10 comprising aservice brake actuator 12 in combination with a spring brake actuator14. The service brake actuator 12 applies and releases the service oroperating brakes of a vehicle. The spring brake actuator 14 is used toapply the emergency or parking brakes of the vehicle.

The service brake actuator 12 includes a housing 16 having first andsecond end walls 16 a and 16 b and a side wall 16 c that is joined withand extends between the end walls 16 a and 16 b. The spring brakeactuator 14 includes a sealed housing 18 having first and second endwalls 18 a and 18 b and a side wall 18 c that is joined with and extendsbetween the end walls 18 a and 18 b. The housings 16 and 18 are formedby an adapter housing 20 that is coupled with a service brake cover 22and a spring brake cover 24. The adapter housing 20 and service brakecover 22 have mating flanges 20 a and 22 a, respectively, that areclamped together with a clamp 25 to secure the service brake cover 22 tothe adapter housing 20. The adapter housing 20 has another flange 20 bthat is clamped by a C-shaped rolled rim 24 a of spring brake cover 24to secure the spring brake cover 24 to the adapter housing 20. Theadapter housing 20 defines a common dividing wall separating the servicebrake housing 16 from the spring brake housing 18 while forming aportion of each housing 16 and 18 such that the second end walls 16 band 18 b are integral. It is within the scope of the invention for theadapter housing 20 to be replaced with discrete cover elements similarto the service brake cover 22 and the spring brake cover 24.

Movable members, which in this embodiment include elastomeric diaphragms30 and 32, span the interior of the service and spring brake housings 16and 18, respectively. Diaphragm 30 has a peripheral edge 30 a that issealingly clamped between the mating flanges 20 a and 22 a of theadapter housing 20 and service brake cover 22, respectively. Diaphragm32 has a peripheral edge 32 a that is sealingly clamped between theflange 20 b of adapter housing 20 and the rolled rim 24 a of springbrake cover 24. A piston-type brake actuator, such as the actuator shownin FIG. 6 and described below which has a piston that spans the interiorof a cylindrical spring brake housing instead of a diaphragm, is alsowithin the scope of the present invention.

Referring to the service brake actuator 12, the diaphragm 30 fluidlydivides the service brake actuator 12 into a pushrod chamber 36 and aservice brake pressure chamber 38. A pushrod 40 has a first end 40 athat is positioned within the pushrod chamber 36 and a second end 40 bpositioned outside of the service brake housing 16. A pressure plate 42is joined to the first end 40 a of the pushrod 40 and abuts diaphragm30. The pushrod 40 extends from its first end 40 a to its second end 40b through a bearing 44 disposed in an opening 46 in the service brakecover 22. A return spring 48 is positioned between the bearing 44 andthe pressure plate 42 to aid in biasing the pressure plate 42 andpushrod 40 toward the second end wall 16 b of the service brake housing16. Although not shown, in an S-cam brake assembly, the end 40 b of thepushrod 40 is coupled to a slack adjuster of an S-cam brake assemblywhereby the reciprocation of the pushrod 40 relative to the servicebrake housing 16 results in the application and release of the servicebrakes.

The service brake pressure chamber 38 is fluidly connected to a sourceof pressurized air through an inlet port 50. As the operator of thevehicle applies the brake pedal, pressurized air is introduced into theservice brake pressure chamber 38 through the inlet port 50 toreciprocate the pushrod 40. As the operator of the vehicle releases thebrake pedal, the pressurized air is exhausted from the service brakepressure chamber 38 through the inlet port 50. The addition ofpressurized air into the service brake pressure chamber 38 moves thediaphragm 30, pressure plate 42 and pushrod 40 away from the second endwall 16 b toward the first end wall 16 a to apply the service brakes.

Referring to the spring brake actuator 14, the diaphragm 32 fluidlydivides the spring brake housing 18 into a spring brake pressure chamber56 and spring chamber 58. The diaphragm extends from its peripheral edge32 a to an interior, radial edge 32 b that surrounds an opening 59 inthe diaphragm. The spring brake pressure chamber 56 is fluidly connectedto a source of pressurized air through a port (not shown) that issubstantially identical to port 50. Typically, the pressure chamber 56is supplied by a pressurized air system that is physically distinct fromthe pressurized air system supplying the service brake actuator 12. Thespring chamber 58 is sealed to protect the components therein fromdirect exposure to the atmosphere and common environmental contaminants.

A pressure plate 60 is positioned in the spring chamber 58 adjacent tothe diaphragm 32. A large force compression spring 62 is placed betweenthe pressure plate 60 and the spring brake cover 24. As shown best inFIG. 5, the pressure plate 60 includes an axial opening 64 surrounded byan interior surface 66 that includes a threaded portion 68, anon-threaded portion 70, and an actuator tube shoulder 72 between thetwo portions 68 and 70. An annular groove 74 that is formed in thenon-threaded portion 70 receives the interior edge 32 b of the diaphragm32. A retaining ring 78 secures the diaphragm 32 to the pressure plate60. It is within the scope of the invention for the actuator to not haveretaining ring 78 such that the groove 74 and configuration of theinterior edge 32 b of the diaphragm 32 secures the diaphragm 32 to thepressure plate 60. There is an opening 80 in the spring brake cover 24that is aligned with the opening 64 through pressure plate 60.

A hollow actuator tube 82 has a first end 82 a that is press fit withinthe axial opening 64 and abuts the actuator tube shoulder 72 and asecond end 82 b (FIG. 1) which is positioned in the service brakepressure chamber 38. The actuator tube 82 has a side wall 84 with innerand outer surfaces 86 and 88, respectively. The outer surface 88includes a recessed portion 90 that receives a portion of the interioredge 32 b of the diaphragm 32 and the optional retaining ring 78. Aportion of the outer surface 88 abuts the non-threaded portion 70 of thepressure plate 60. The inner surface 86 includes a threaded portion 92that is aligned with the threaded portion 68 of the pressure plate 60.

An annular bearing or flange guide 94 has a threaded outer surface 96that engages the threaded portion 92 of actuator tube 82 and thethreaded portion 68 of pressure plate 60 thereby joining the bearing 94,actuator tube 82, and pressure plate 60. It is within the scope of theinvention for the bearing 94 to be bonded to the actuator tube 82 andpressure plate 60 in addition to or instead of being joined withthreads. In one embodiment, the outer surface 96 of the bearing 94 has athreaded portion that engages the threaded portion 68 on pressure plate60 and the bearing 94 has a non-threaded portion that is welded to theinner surface 86 of the actuator tube 82. In another embodiment, theentire outer surface 96 of the bearing 94 is not threaded and is weldedto both the interior surface 66 of the pressure plate 60 and to theinner surface 86 of the actuator tube 82.

The bearing 94 has a smooth inner surface 97 surrounding an opening 99.The bearing 94 and the pressure plate 60 define therein air passage waysor clearances (not shown) to allow air flow back and forth between thespring chamber 58 and the interior space 98 enclosed by the side wall 84of the hollow actuator tube 82. Thus, spring chamber 58 is in fluidcommunication with the interior space 98 of the actuator tube 82.

The actuator tube 82 extends from its first end 82 a, which ispositioned in the spring chamber 58, through a bearing and seal assembly100 disposed within an opening 102 formed in the adapter housing 20 toits second end 82 b, which is positioned in the service brake pressurechamber 38. The bearing and seal assembly 100 are well known in the artand thus are not described in more detail herein.

Referring to FIG. 1, a control valve 104 is joined to and closes thesecond end 82 b of the actuator tube 82 opposite the pressure plate 60for regulating fluid flow between spring chamber 58 and service brakepressure chamber 38. The control valve 104 includes a valve body 106having a transfer plate 108 that is joined to a cylindrical protrusion110. The cylindrical protrusion 110 has a threaded side wall 112 thatengages threads 114 on the inner surface 86 of the side wall 88 of theactuator tube 82. The protrusion 110 is at least partially positionedwithin the interior space 98 of the actuator tube 82. A seal is formedbetween the threaded side wall 112 of the control valve 104 and the sidewall 88 of the actuator tube 82 to prevent fluid from flowing betweenthe two. Seal structure, such as an o-ring seal, may be positionedbetween the side wall 112 of the control valve 104 and the side wall 88of the actuator tube 82 to form the seal. Alternatively, or in additionto using seal structure, such as an o-ring seal, a liquid sealant may beapplied to the threaded side wall 112 before the control valve 104 isthreaded within the actuator tube 82. The liquid sealant wouldsubsequently harden to form a seal between the control valve 104 andactuator tube 82. The transfer plate 108 is preferably sized to bereceived within a recess 116 in the adapter housing 20.

The control valve 104 is normally biased to an open position, in whichfluid can flow between spring chamber 58 and service brake pressurechamber 38, and moves from its open position to a closed position whenthe pressure in service brake pressure chamber 38 increases to athreshold level. When the control valve 104 is in its closed position,fluid cannot flow between service brake pressure chamber 38 and springchamber 58 so that pressure chamber 38 can be pressurized to activatethe service brake actuator 12 without undesirably pressurizing thespring chamber 58. Preferably, the control valve 104 is a pilot operatedvalve with the pilot pressure operating the valve being the pressure inthe service brake pressure chamber 38. Therefore, valve 104 will closewhen the pressure in service brake pressure chamber 38 reaches athreshold level no matter how slowly the pressure in pressure chamber 38rises.

The brake actuator 10 further comprises a caging bolt assembly 118comprising an adjustment nut 120 threaded onto and permanently affixedto one end of a caging bolt 122 which terminates at its other end in acaging bolt head 124. The caging bolt head 124 and a portion of thecaging bolt 122 extending from the head 124 are positioned within theinterior space 98 of the actuator tube 82. The caging bolt 122 extendsthrough the opening 99 of the bearing 94 and through the opening 80 inthe spring brake cover 24. The caging bolt 122 is threaded through a capor collar 128, which is riveted and permanently affixed to the springbrake cover 24 in a substantially sealed manner so that air cannot passthrough opening 80. Since the nut 120 and caging bolt head 124 aregreater in diameter than the diameter of the opening 99 in bearing 94,the caging bolt 122 couples the pressure plate 60 to the spring brakecover 24 via the connection between the bearing 94 and pressure plate 60and the connections between the caging bolt 122, collar 128, and springbrake cover 24.

The caging bolt head 124 preferably includes a bearing 130 positionedbetween opposing collars 132. The bearing 130 contacts the inner surface86 of the actuator tube 82 to prevent the collars 132 and caging bolt122 from contacting the inner surface 86 while helping to guide thereciprocal movement of the actuator tube 82 during the application andrelease of the emergency brakes. Axial slots 134 are formed in the faceof the bearing 130 to form a fluid flow path around the bearing 130 sothat the spring chamber 58 is in fluid communication with the entireinterior space 98 enclosed by the actuator tube 82.

The caging bolt assembly 118 is operable to mechanically retract andhold the large force compression spring 62 in a compressed state (asshown in FIG. 1). By engaging the adjustment nut 120 with a wrench orsocket and rotating the nut 120, it is possible to threadably withdrawthe majority of the caging bolt 122 out of the spring brake housing 24from the position shown in FIG. 4 to the position shown in FIG. 1. Asthe caging bolt 122 is withdrawn, the caging bolt head 124 contacts thebearing 94 at the upper end 82 a of the actuator tube 82 to move thebearing 94, actuator tube 82, and pressure plate 60 toward the end wall18 a of the spring brake housing 18 thereby compressing the spring 62.Caging the large force compression spring 62 in this manner, as shown inFIG. 1, is well known and is typically utilized during assembly of thebrake actuator 10 and/or for the mechanical release of the brakes in thecase of a failure or absence of the compressed air system. When thebrake actuator 10 is in active use on a moving vehicle, the caging bolt122 is moved to the position shown in FIGS. 2-3.

In the event that the rolled rim 24 a of the spring brake cover 24,adapter housing flange 20 b, and/or pressure plate 60 fails, the spring62 will remain contained between the adapter housing 20 and spring brakecover 24 because bearing 94 is joined to both the actuator tube 82 andthe pressure plate 60. If the rolled rim 24 a and/or adapter housingflange 20 b fails, then the spring brake pressure chamber 56 evacuatesthereby releasing spring 62. The spring 62 exerts pressure on pressureplate 60 and actuator tube 82 which forces the adapter housing 20 awayfrom the spring brake cover 24 and causes the bearing 94 to make contactwith caging bolt head 124. The spring 62 remains contained between thepressure plate 60 and spring brake cover 24 due to the connectionbetween the pressure plate 60, actuator tube 82, and bearing 94, thecontact between the caging bolt head 124 and bearing 94, and theconnection between the caging bolt 122 and spring brake cover 24. Ifreleasing the spring 62 causes the pressure plate 60 to fail in additionto failure of the rolled rim 24 a and/or adapter housing flange 20 b,then the spring 62 expands between the spring brake cover 24 and adapterhousing 20. The transfer plate 108 of the control valve 104 abuts theend wall 16 b of the service brake housing 16 due to the pressureexerted on adapter housing 20 by spring 62. The spring 62 remainscontained between the spring brake cover 24 and adapter housing 20 dueto the connection between the bearing 94 and actuator tube 82, thecontact between the transfer plate 108 and end wall 16 b, the contactbetween the caging bolt head 124 and bearing 94, and the connectionbetween the caging bolt 122 and spring brake cover 24.

FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of brake actuator 200 inaccordance with the present invention. Brake actuator 200 issubstantially similar to brake actuator 10. Accordingly, only thedifferences between the two are discussed in detail herein. The maindifference is that brake actuator 200 has a piston 202 instead of thediaphragm 32 and pressure plate 60 of actuator 10. The piston 202separates a spring brake housing 204 of the actuator 200 into a springchamber 206 and a spring brake pressure chamber 208. The piston 202 hasa side wall 210 that is integral with an end wall 212. A seal 214 iscoupled to the side wall 210 and engages a side wall 216 of the springbrake housing 204 to seal the spring chamber 206 from the spring brakepressure chamber 208. A spring 218 is positioned between the piston 202and spring brake housing 204. The end wall 212 of the piston 202includes a central opening 220 surrounded by an interior surface 222.The interior surface 222 is joined to the outer surface of a bearing224. An actuator tube 226 abuts the end wall 212 of the piston 202 andhas an inner surface 228 that aligns with the interior surface 222 ofthe piston 202. The inner surface 228 of the actuator tube 226 is joinedto the outer surface of the bearing 224. The outer surface of thebearing 224 is welded to the interior surface 222 of the piston 202 andthe inner surface 228 of the actuator tube 226. The bearing 224 may alsobe joined to the piston 202 and actuator tube 226 in any of the sameways described above for bearing 94. For example, the outer surface ofthe bearing 224 may have threads that engage threads on the piston 202and actuator tube 226.

In operation, the spring brake actuator 14 is moveable between theengaged position shown in FIG. 4 and the disengaged position shown inFIG. 2. When the vehicle on which brake actuator 10 is installed isparked for an extended period of time, the spring brake actuator 14 istypically in the engaged position shown in FIG. 4. In the engagedposition, pressure is released from the spring brake pressure chamber 56so that the compression spring 62 pushes the pressure plate 60 and thediaphragm 32 toward the adapter housing 20. As a result, the actuatortube 82 connected to the pressure plate 60 is pushed through the opening102 in the adapter housing 20, and the transfer plate 108 of the controlvalve 104 forces the diaphragm 30 and pressure plate 42 toward the endwall 16 a of the service brake actuator housing 16. This forces themajority of pushrod 40 out of the housing 16 and actuates the vehicle'sparking or emergency brakes. When the spring brake actuator 14 is in theengaged position shown in FIG. 4, the vehicle on which the brakeactuator 10 is installed cannot move. To allow the vehicle to move, thespring 62 must be retracted either by pressurizing the spring brakepressure chamber 56, as shown in FIG. 2, or by mechanically retractingthe spring 62 with caging bolt 122, as shown in FIG. 1 and describedabove. Mechanical retraction of spring 62 with caging bolt 122 istypically only necessary during assembly of the brake actuator 10 and/orwhen mechanical release of the actuator 10 is necessary due to a failureor absence of the compressed air system.

When spring brake pressure chamber 56 is pressurized, diaphragm 32 andpressure plate 60 retract spring 62 and compress it against housing wall18 a to move the spring brake actuator 14 to its disengaged position, asshown in FIG. 2. The movement of pressure plate 60 causes actuator tube82 to retract upward through opening 102 in adapter housing 20 therebyreleasing pressure on diaphragm 30 and pressure plate 42. Spring 48 thenbiases pressure plate 42 and pushrod 40 to the position shown in FIG. 2in which the vehicle's parking brakes are released. Bearing 94 allowsthe pressure plate 60 and actuator tube 82 to move with respect to thecaging bolt 122 from the position shown in FIG. 2 to the position shownin FIG. 4 while preventing damage to the pressure plate 60, actuatortube 82, and caging bolt 122. The inner surface 97 of the bearing 94 isin close contact with the threads of the caging bolt to guide movementof the pressure plate 60 and actuator tube 82. The inner surface 97 ofthe hearing 94 is preferably relatively smooth to minimize damage to thethreads of the caging bolt 122.

When the spring brake actuator 14 is in the disengaged position shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 and the vehicle on which the brake actuator 10 isinstalled is in transit, the service brake actuator 12 is utilized tobrake the vehicle. The service brake actuator 12 moves between thedisengaged position shown in FIG. 2 and the engaged position shown inFIG. 3. When in the disengaged position shown in FIG. 2, the pushrod 40is retracted to a position that does not actuate the vehicle's brakes.To actuate the vehicle's service brakes, air enters the service brakepressure chamber 38 through inlet port 50. As the pressure in chamber 38builds it forces diaphragm 30, pressure plate 42, and pushrod 40 towardend wall 16 a into the position shown in FIG. 3 thereby overcomingspring 48 and actuating the vehicle's service brakes.

The spring brake actuator 200 shown in FIG. 6 operates in substantiallythe same manner as the spring brake actuator 14. The only difference isthat the spring brake actuator 200 has a moveable piston 202 instead ofthe moveable diaphragm 32 and pressure plate 60 of actuator 14.

It is within the scope of the present invention for the connectionstructure of the diaphragm 32, actuator tube 82, bearing 94 and pressureplate 60 to differ from that described above and shown in FIG. 5depending upon the particular design of the spring brake actuator 14. Itis also within the scope of the invention for any type of divider todivide the spring brake pressure chamber 56 and spring chamber 58instead of the diaphragm 32 and pressure plate 60 shown in FIGS. 1-5 orthe piston 202 shown in FIG. 6.

From the foregoing it will be seen that this invention is one welladapted to attain all ends and objectives herein-above set forth,together with the other advantages which are obvious and which areinherent to the invention.

Since many possible embodiments may be made of the invention withoutdeparting from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that allmatters herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings are to beinterpreted as illustrative, and not in a limiting sense.

While specific embodiments have been shown and discussed, variousmodifications may of course be made, and the invention is not limited tothe specific forms or arrangement of parts and steps described herein,except insofar as such limitations are included in the following claims.Further, it will be understood that certain features and subcombinationsare of utility and may be employed without reference to other featuresand subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope ofthe claims.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is asfollows:
 1. A pneumatic brake actuator, comprising: a housing comprisingfirst and second end walls and a side wall joined with and extendingbetween said end walls, wherein said first end wall presents an opening;a divider that divides said housing into a spring chamber positionedbetween said divider and said first end wall and a pressure chamberpositioned between said divider and said second end wall, wherein saiddivider comprises a peripheral edge that engages said side wall of saidhousing and said divider presents an opening surrounded by an interiorsurface; a spring positioned in said spring chamber; an actuator tubecomprising a side wall that encloses an interior space, wherein an endof said actuator tube is positioned within said opening in said divider;a bearing that is positioned within said opening in said divider,wherein said bearing is joined to both said divider and to said actuatortube with a securement element comprising at least one of threads andweld material, wherein said bearing is in direct contact with saidactuator tube, wherein said bearing is directly joined to said actuatortube, and wherein said bearing presents an opening that is aligned withsaid opening in said first end wall; and a caging bolt comprising afirst end positioned within said interior space of said actuator tube,wherein said caging bolt extends from said first end through saidopening in said bearing and said opening in said first end wall to asecond end positioned outside of said housing, and wherein said cagingbolt is coupled with said first end wall.
 2. The brake actuator of claim1, wherein said bearing comprises an outer surface and an inner surfacesurrounding said opening in said bearing, wherein said side wall of saidactuator tube comprises inner and outer surfaces, and wherein said outersurface of said bearing is joined to said interior surface of saiddivider and said inner surface of said actuator tube.
 3. The brakeactuator of claim 2, wherein said interior surface of said dividercomprises a first portion that is joined to said outer surface of saidbearing, a second portion that is adjacent to said outer surface of saidactuator tube, and a shoulder that is positioned between said first andsecond portions and that abuts said end of said actuator tube.
 4. Thebrake actuator of claim 2, wherein said outer surface of said bearingcomprises threads that engage threads formed in said interior surface ofsaid divider and threads formed in said inner surface of said actuatortube.
 5. The brake actuator of claim 2, wherein said outer surface ofsaid bearing comprises threads that engage threads formed in saidinterior surface of said divider, and said outer surface of said bearingis welded to said inner surface of said actuator tube.
 6. The brakeactuator of claim 2, wherein said outer surface of said bearing iswelded to said interior surface of said divider and said inner surfaceof said actuator tube.
 7. The brake actuator of claim 1, wherein saiddivider comprises: a diaphragm comprising said peripheral edge and aninterior edge surrounding an opening, wherein said diaphragm dividessaid housing into said spring chamber and said pressure chamber; and apressure plate positioned between said diaphragm and said spring,wherein said pressure plate presents said opening of said dividersurrounded by said interior surface, and wherein said interior edge ofsaid diaphragm is coupled to said interior surface of said pressureplate.
 8. The brake actuator of claim 1, wherein said divider comprisesa piston.
 9. The brake actuator of claim 1, wherein said first end ofsaid caging bolt comprises a head that is larger than said opening insaid bearing.
 10. The brake actuator of claim 1, wherein said dividerand actuator tube are moveable between a disengaged position when saidpressure chamber is pressurized with fluid and an engaged position whensaid pressure chamber is exhausted, and wherein said spring biases saiddivider and actuator tube toward the engaged position.
 11. The brakeactuator of claim 1, wherein said housing comprises a spring brakeactuator housing, and further comprising a service brake actuatorcomprising: a service brake actuator housing comprising first and secondend walls and a side wall joined with and extending between said endwalls, wherein said second end walls of said spring and service brakeactuator housings are joined, and wherein there are aligned openings insaid second end walls that said actuator tube extends through; adiaphragm comprising a peripheral edge that engages said side wall ofsaid service brake actuator housing, wherein said diaphragm divides saidservice brake actuator housing into a service brake pressure chamberpositioned between said diaphragm and said second end wall and a pushrodchamber positioned between said diaphragm and said first end wall; and apushrod extending through an opening in said first end wall of saidservice brake actuator housing and comprising a first end positioned insaid pushrod chamber and a second end, wherein said diaphragm and saidpushrod are moveable between a service brake engaged position when saidservice brake pressure chamber is pressurized with fluid and a servicebrake disengaged position when said service brake pressure chamber isexhausted.
 12. The brake actuator of claim 1, wherein said housingcomprises a cover comprising said first end wall and a portion of saidside wall and an adapter housing comprising said second end wall and aportion of said side wall.
 13. The brake actuator of claim 1, whereinthe bearing is directly joined to the divider.
 14. A pneumatic brakeactuator, comprising: a housing; a divider dividing the housing into apressure chamber and a spring chamber, wherein the divider presents anopening surrounded by an interior surface; an actuator tube that abutsthe divider, wherein the actuator tube comprises an inner surface; and abearing comprising an outer surface that is joined to the interiorsurface of said divider, wherein said bearing is in direct contact withsaid actuator tube, wherein said bearing is directly joined to the innersurface of said actuator tube, and wherein said bearing is joined toboth said divider and to said actuator tube with a securement elementcomprising at least one of threads and weld material.
 15. The brakeactuator of claim 14, wherein said divider comprises a piston.
 16. Thebrake actuator of claim 15, wherein the piston comprises a side wallthat is integral with an end wall, wherein the opening is a centralopening in the end wall that surrounds the interior surface, wherein theactuator tube abuts the end wall of the piston, and wherein the innersurface of the actuator tube aligns with the interior surface.
 17. Thebrake actuator of claim 14, wherein said bearing comprises threads thatengage threads on said divider and threads on said actuator tube. 18.The brake actuator of claim 14, wherein said bearing comprises threadsthat engage threads on said divider, and said bearing is welded to saidactuator tube.
 19. The brake actuator of claim 14, wherein said bearingis welded to said divider and to said actuator tube.
 20. The brakeactuator of claim 14, wherein the housing comprises a cover coupled toan adapter housing.
 21. The brake actuator of claim 20, furthercomprising a spring positioned within the spring chamber between thedivider and the cover.
 22. The brake actuator of claim 21, wherein theactuator tube is hollow and comprises an end received by said opening insaid divider.
 23. The brake actuator of claim 22, wherein the bearing isat least partially received by said opening in said divider.
 24. Thebrake actuator of claim 23, further comprising a caging bolt comprisinga first end positioned within said actuator tube and a second endpositioned outside of said housing, wherein said caging bolt extendsthrough openings in said bearing and said cover.
 25. The brake actuatorof claim 21, wherein said divider comprises: a diaphragm comprising aperipheral edge sealed between said cover and said adapter housing andan interior edge surrounding an opening that receives said actuatortube; and a pressure plate positioned between said diaphragm and saidspring, wherein said pressure plate presents said opening surrounded bysaid interior surface.
 26. The brake actuator of claim 14, wherein thebearing is directly joined to the divider.
 27. A pneumatic brakeactuator, comprising: a housing; a divider dividing the housing into apressure chamber and a spring chamber, wherein the divider presents anopening surrounded by an interior surface; an actuator tube that abutsthe divider, wherein the actuator tube comprises an inner surface atleast a portion of which is aligned with at least a portion of theinterior surface of the divider; and a bearing comprising a cylindricalouter surface that is in direct contact with and is directly joined toeach of the aligned portions of the inner surface of the actuator tubeand the interior surface of the divider, wherein the bearing is joinedto both the divider and to the actuator tube with a securement elementcomprising at least one of threads and weld material.
 28. The pneumaticbrake actuator of claim 27, wherein the interior surface of the dividercomprises a first portion that is joined to the outer surface of thebearing, a second portion that is adjacent to the outer surface of theactuator tube, and a shoulder that is positioned between the first andsecond portions and that abuts the end of the actuator tube.
 29. Thepneumatic brake actuator of claim 27, wherein the divider comprises apiston.
 30. The pneumatic brake actuator of claim 27, wherein thehousing comprises a cover coupled to an adapter housing, and furthercomprising a spring positioned within the spring chamber between thedivider and the cover.
 31. The pneumatic brake actuator of claim 30,wherein the divider comprises: a diaphragm comprising a peripheral edgesealed between the cover and the adapter housing and an interior edgesurrounding an opening that receives the actuator tube; and a pressureplate positioned between the diaphragm and the spring, wherein thepressure plate presents the opening surrounded by the interior surface.32. The pneumatic brake actuator of claim 27, further comprising acaging bolt comprising a first end positioned within said actuator tubeand a second end positioned outside of said housing, wherein said cagingbolt extends through openings in said bearing and said housing.